Bioremediation is defined as the process whereby organic wastes are biologically degraded under controlled conditions to an innocuous state, or to levels below concentration limits established by regulatory authorities 2 for bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to. Bioremediation uses biological agents, mainly microorganisms, e. Microbial biodegradation and bioremediation sciencedirect. Introduction to in situ bioremediation of groundwater. Authored by a worldrenowned environmental microbiologist, biodegradation and bioremediation presents microbiological, chemical, toxicological, environmental, engineering, and technological aspects of the subject. This book covers broader aspect of bioremediation and biodegradation of environmental pollutants. This book thoroughly discusses specific approaches to bioremediation of pollution in soil, water and air using typically microbiological processes.
Microbial biodegradation and bioremediation brings together experts in relevant fields to describe the successful application of microbes and. Then, to further complicate things, we are witnessing a new and valid definition of environmental biotechnology from the halls of the industrial and environmental division of the biotechnology industrial organization. Biological treatments to remediate polluted sites have many advantages from economical, environmental, and practical aspects. Bioremediation and biotechnology sustainable approaches to. Hindu college, nagercoil, tamil nadu, india key words. The handbook of research on inventive bioremediation techniques is a comprehensive reference source for the latest scholarly information on optimizing bioremediation technologies and methods to control pollution and enhance sustainability and conservation initiatives for the environment.
This book deals with advances in the bioremediation of polluted soil and groundwater. Highlighting pivotal research perspectives on topics such. Bioremediation is a cost effective and nature friendly biotechnology that is powered by microbial enzymes. Microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, algae etc take part in bioremediation. Bioremediation comes from two words bios means life and remediate means to decipher an issue. This singlesource reference encompasses all categories of pollutants and their applications in a convenient, comprehensive package. Recent advances in bioremediationbiodegradation by. Bioremediation techniques are more economical than traditional methods and pollutants can be treated on site, thus reducing exposure risks for personnel. Bioremediation, contaminants, monitoring and saturation received 16 march 2011. The use of biological methods and processes for the remediation of contaminated soils and aquifers is the focus of this text, which emphasizes the characteristics of organic compounds and factors which make organics amenable to biological treatment. These bioremediation processes comprise the partial or full breakdown of organic contaminants into non or less toxic chemicals and the immobilization precipitation and. Role of microbial enzymes in the bioremediation of. Complied by worldrecognized environmental microbiologist, bringing.
Authored by leading, international environmental microbiologists, it discusses topics such as aerobic biodegradation, microbial degradation of pollutants, and microbial community dynamics. Environmental bioremediation technologies springerlink. Microbial biodegradation and bioremediation nhbs academic. Effects of metal toxicity, speciation, and bioavailability on biodegradation todd r. Intensification of the aerobic bioremediation of an actual. Building on the success of bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies, natural and enhanced remediation systems explores remediation techniques that use the beneficial effects provided by mother nature. Science and applications, sssa special publication 43, 1995 published by. Written by a leader in the industry, the book provides stateoftheart information on natural and enhanced remediation techniques such. Advances in bioremediation of wastewater and polluted soil. All are specifically designed, licensed and operated to provide waste generators and remediation companies with a responsive program for the expeditious removal. The research activity in this area would contribute towards developing advanced bioprocess technology to reduce the toxicity of the pollutants. Microbes are very small organisms, such as bacteria, that live naturally in the environment. Bioremediation bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to destroy or immobilize waste materials microorganisms include.
Bioremediation techniques are typically more economical than traditional methods such as incineration, and some pollutants can be treated on site, thus reducing exposure risks for cleanup personnel, or potentially wider exposure as a result of transportation accidents. Biodegradation, bioremediation, and bioconversion of xenobiotics for sustainable development crc press book with focus on the practical use of modern biotechnology for environmental sustainability, this book provides a thoughtful overview of molecular aspects of environmental studies to create a new awareness of. Handbook of research on inventive bioremediation techniques. These tests may be performed during the feasibility study or remedial design, are used to evaluate whether the proposed bioremediation remedy will be successful,and obtain important design criteria. Bioremediation bacteria biodegradation biology biotechnology biotransformation contaminants environment industry microbiology microorganism organic pollutants soil soil bioremediation soil microbiology. It studies the opportunities for more efficient biological processes in molecular biology and ecology. Notable accomplishments of these studies include the cleaning up of polluted water and contaminated land. A branch of biotechnology which deals with the use of living organisms such as microbes and bacteria to remove contaminants, pollutants and toxins from soil and water. This readership is 10 times more when compared to other subscription journals source. Microbial biodegradation and bioremediation 1st edition. Biodegradation of petroleum and other hydrocarbon pollutants by natural populations of microorganisms represents one of the primary mechanisms by which these contaminants can be removed from the environment ulrici, 2000. This book is a thoughtful effort in bringing forth bioremediation and restoration of the ecosystems degraded by pesticides and heavy metal pollution. Bioremediation can be grouped into two broad types.
What are the differences between biodegradation and. Bioremediation techniques fall into four categories in situ treatment, composting, land farming, and above ground reactors. Industrial and agricultural activity throughout this century has led to considerable contamination of soil and groundwater resources by hazardous chemicals. Bacteria aerobic and anaerobic fungi actinomycetes filamentous bacteria bioremediation mechanism microorganisms destroy organic contaminants in the. Figure 22 illustrates the differences between the two. The article focuses on the key concepts associated with bioremediation. The design process commonly includes bench and pilotscale treatability studies. Bioremediation is a simple technology in term of implementation, efficiency, noninvasive and costeffective. Since bioremediation is based on natural attenuation the public. Biodegradation and bioremediation of halogenated organic compounds. This book discusses bioremediation technologybased remediation to restore contaminated sites and protect the environment. This book describes the basic principles of biodegradation and shows how these principles are related to bioremediation.
In this chapter, the author proposed a novel bioremediation method called bioremediation with the selfimmobilized system bsis. The types of microorganisms that are used in bioremediation processes due to their. Bioremediation experts representing academic research, field practice, regulation, and industry provide accessible information and case examples. An edited book explaining the basic principles of biodegradation and its application. Intrinsic bioremediation manages the innate capabilities of naturally occurring microbial communities to degrade environmental pollutants without taking any engineering steps to enhance the process. In this context, the use of bioremediation processes for the removal of toxic metals.
Google scholar vogan jl, focht rm, clark dk, graham sl. Biofilms, here taken to include flocs, comprise physical structures that support. Soil science society of america, american society of agronomy, and crop science society of. The degradation of noxious waste from the environment using microorganisms is called as bioremediation. When compared to standard practices, effluent volumes generated by bioremediation are substantially smaller reducing the problem of sludge disposal. Bioremediation of polluted waters using microorganisms intechopen. A large number of enzymes from bacteria, fungi, and plants have been reported to be involved in the biodegradation of toxic organic pollutants. Bioremediation, an attractive and novel technology, is a multidisciplinary approach that uses biological systems to degradetransform andor to rid the soil and water of pollutants. Purchase microbial biodegradation and bioremediation 1st edition. The global environment is now facing a highly critical situation due to rapid urbanization. Bioremediation is conducted in specially licensed facilities situated at waste management landfills throughout north america. Bioremediation can either be carried out ex situ or in situ, depending on several factors, which include but not limited to cost, site characteristics, type and concentration of pollutants. Find bioremediation books and publications, the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource.
Bioremediation techniquesclassification based on site of. There has been evidence that compost piles existed as far back as 6000 bc, and in 1891 the first biological sewage treatment plant was created in sussex, uk. Biodegradation is addressed comprehensively with emphasis on biodegradation chemistry and microbiology. Biodegradation and bioremediation, being a singleauthor book, provides a unity of style and, generally, an excellent intellectual flow between topics. Microorganisms used to perform the function of bioremediation are known as bioremediators. This book presents the basic principles of biodegradation and shows how these principles relate to bioremediation. The pollution of soil and groundwater by heavy metals and other chemicals is becoming a serious issue in many countries.
Approaches in bioremediation the new era of environmental. Pdf bioremediation techniquesclassification based on. Introduction to in situ bioremediation of groundwater es3. Using this method, degrading microorganism can be selfimmobilized by the help of bacillus subtilis, and the immobilized cells rapidly degrade the. Biodegradation and bioremediation by martin alexander. Thus, insitu bioremediation means bioremediation based on the degradative activities of endogenous microbial populations. Microbial biodegradation and bioremediation 1st edition elsevier. This book treats the roles of biofilms in bioremediation. Microbial biodegradation and bioremediation brings together experts in relevant fields to describe the successful application of microbes and their derivatives for bioremediation of potentially toxic and relatively novel compounds. In this article we will discuss about bioremediation in environmental biotechnology. The bioremediation of actualsite aged pcbcontaminated soils is very often adversely affected by the low bioavailability of pcb andor the scarcity of autochthonous pollutantmineralizing microorganisms 4,7,8. This book is an invaluable tool for researchers, practitioners, and regulators who require an extensive understanding of the application of. Bioremediation stimulates the growth of certain microbes that use contaminants as a source of food and.
The technique of bioremediation uses living organismsusually bacteria and fungito remove pollutants from soil and water with minimal disturbance to these environments. Bioremediation techniques used in environmental biotechnology. A novel bioremediation method for shallow layers of soil. Bioremediation is the engineered process of application of biological means including bacteria, algae, fungi, etc. Biodegradation and bioremediation 2, alexander, martin. Book logo most popular results for bioremediation biodegradation and bioremediation by martin alexander. This book includes chapters prepared by professionals with expertise in environmental microbiology, biotechnology, bioremediation, and environmental engineering. Bioremediation is defined as the process whereby organic wastes are biologically degraded under controlled conditions to an innocu ous state, or to levels below concentration limits established by regulatory authorities mueller 1996. Bioremediation and pollution prevention united states environmental protection agency epa530f97042 october 1997. However, the current bioremediation processes do not often achieve sufficient remediation, and more effective processes are desired. Environmental isotopes in biodegradation and bioremediation. Environmental isotopes in biodegradation and bioremediation comprehensively covers established and emerging isotope methods for environmental applications, focusing on biodegradation and bioremediation. Bioremediation of organic and metal cocontaminated environments. Performance evaluation of a permeable reactive barrier for remediation of dissolved chlorinated solvents in groundwater.